NR 140 Groundwater Quality Standards Update
As part of a continuing commitment to protect public health and the environment, the DNR periodically updates groundwater quality standards in ch. NR 140, Wis. Adm. Code. Since its establishment in 1985, the Natural Resources Board has approved amendments to NR 140 twelve times in order to revise existing standards, establish new standards and clarify rule language.
Cycles and recommendations
In accordance with state groundwater law, the DNR periodically submits a list of substances to the Department of Health Services (DHS) and requests that they review available toxicologic information and provide recommendations for new and/or revised groundwater standards. These lists submitted to DHS are designated as NR 140 "cycle" lists. DHS then prepares a Scientific Support Document and sends it back to DNR which describes the information and methodology used to develop each recommended standard.
The DNR is formally requesting that the Department of Health Services (DHS) recommend state groundwater quality enforcement standards for six Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS): PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, HFPO-DA (GenX chemicals) and PFBS (letter from DNR to DHS). Based on DNR’s request, DHS will conduct a review of the six compounds and develop appropriate recommendations for groundwater quality enforcement standards based on statutory requirements. Once the recommendations are received, the DNR plans to begin rulemaking to establish state groundwater quality enforcement standards and preventive action limits for these substances in ch. NR 140, Wis. Adm. Code, based on recommendations provided by DHS.
In April 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized maximum contaminant levels under the Federal National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) for these six PFAS compounds.
PFAS
DG-17-22 PFAS Rulemaking
Economic Impact Analysis - the rulemaking requirement to prepare an economic impact analysis (EIA) and solicit information for its preparation was part of 2011 Wisconsin Act 21. An EIA must be prepared for every permanent proposed rule before the Natural Resources Board can authorize public hearings on the rules, per s. 227.137, Wis. Stats.. The analysis must include information on the economic effect of the proposed rule on specific businesses, business sectors, public utility ratepayers, local governmental units and the state's economy as a whole.
The final economic impact analysis indicates that costs associated with this rule (DG-17-22) would exceed $10 million in a 2-year period. As required by Wis. Stat. § 227.139(1), the DNR has stopped work on this proposed rule and has notified the state legislature of the expected costs. The state legislature will need to pass a bill authorizing the DNR to continue the rulemaking process for setting PFAS standards in groundwater.
The proposed DG-17-22 rule would amend ch. NR 140, Wis. Adm. Code, to add new public health related groundwater standards for certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). After U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued interim health advisories for PFOA, PFOS, PFBS and HFPO-DA (GenX) in June 2022, the DNR drafted a Statement of Scope proposing rulemaking for these four PFAS based on existing recommendations from Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS). The Statement of Scope was published in December 2022. View information on DHS’ recommendations for groundwater quality standards.
DG-17-22 PFAS rulemaking timeline
Fall 2022/Winter 2023
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Summer 2023
Based on stakeholder feedback, the DNR returned to all four compounds included in the original scope instead of focusing only on two PFAS (i.e., PFOA and PFOS) as discussed at the July stakeholder meeting. |
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Fall 2023
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← | We are here |
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Winter 2023/2024
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Cycle 10 - Bacteria
Cycle 10 Bacteria
These changes to the rule were published in the Administrative Register and became effective on Aug. 1, 2023.
Cycle 10 Bacteria rulemaking timeline
Winter/Spring 2022
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← | We are here |
Cycle 11
Cycle 11
The scope statement expired on Sept. 15, 2023. Any future rulemaking will take place under a new scope statement.
The DNR submitted a list of substances designated "Cycle 11" to DHS in April 2019. DHS responded with recommendations to DNR in November 2020. A plain language summary of each of the compounds in Cycle 11 is available at DHS's Groundwater Standards.
- Cycle 11 response letter from DHS to DNR: Summary of Cycle 11 Recommendations (Nov. 6, 2020)
- Cycle 11 letter from DNR to DHS: Request for State Groundwater Quality Standard Recommendations under ch. 160, Stats. (April 10, 2019)
Cycle 11 Rulemaking Timeline
Spring - Fall 2019
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Fall 2020
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Winter 2020/2021 - present
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← | We are here, scope statement expired |
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Cycle 10
Cycle 10
On Feb. 23, 2022, the Natural Resources Board considered and did not approve this rule. The scope statement expired on March 3, 2022. Any future rulemaking will take place under a new scope statement. See the Cycle 10 Bacteria tab.
The DNR submitted a list of substances designated "Cycle 10" to DHS in March 2018. DHS responded with recommendations to DNR in June 2019. Based on comments received during the rule public comment period, DHS has made revisions to their recommendations for Cycle 10 groundwater standards. The revisions to the DHS Cycle 10 recommendations are included in their revised scientific support documents below. A plain language summary of each of the compounds in Cycle 10 is available at DHS's Recommended Groundwater Enforcement Standards. The DATCP website contains additional information on the Cycle 10 pesticide compounds.
- DHS Revised Recommendations for Cycle 10 Groundwater Standards (Feb. 1, 2022)
- Cycle 10 response letter from DHS to DNR: Summary of Cycle 10 Recommendations (June 21, 2019)
- Cycle 10 letter from DNR to DHS: Request for Recommendations for State Groundwater Quality Standards (March 2, 2018)
Cycle 10 rulemaking timeline
Spring 2018
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Summer 2019
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Fall 2019
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Jan. 2020 - Winter 2020/2021
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Winter 2020 - Spring 2021
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Winter 2021
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Spring 2022
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← | NRB did not approve rule |
Cycle 10 Stakeholder Meetings
Stakeholder Meetings
Before final consideration by the NRB, there were numerous opportunities for the public to submit feedback about this proposed rule. Below is an archive of the public meetings and materials shared with the public during this rulemaking process.
Past meetings
| Meeting date and time | Location | Topic | Resources |
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| Oct. 14, 2020 | This meeting was held remotely via Zoom only. |
Bacteria | |
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Aug. 25, 2020 |
This meeting was held remotely via Zoom only. | Pesticides | |
| July 21, 2020 | This meeting was held remotely via Zoom only. | VOCs | |
| June 9, 2020 | This meeting was held remotely via Zoom only. | Metals and metalloids | |
| March 23, 2020 | This meeting was held remotely via Zoom only, following Governor Evers' order limiting the size of gatherings due to the risk of COVID-19 | PFAS rules |
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| Feb. 6, 2020 | Madison State Natural Resources Building (GEF 2) Room G09 101 S Webster St |
PFAS rules |
Rulemaking Procedures
Rule change process, public input and timeline
The DNR creates and revises administrative rules to implement statutes enacted by the Wisconsin State Legislature [exit DNR]. Administrative rules have the full force and effect of law.
Rulemaking is an extensive process and there are many internal steps [PDF] that DNR and the NRB must follow during a rulemaking effort. Public participation is a critical component of agency rulemaking. There are numerous opportunities to participate in the DNR rulemaking process. For permanent rules, the entire process generally takes about 31 months from initiation to effective date of rule revisions.