Canine parvovirus (CPV)
Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious viral disease that causes enteritis, which is inflammation of the intestines. The virus affects both wild canids, such as wolves and coyotes, and domestic dogs. Raccoons do not develop clinical diseases when exposed to canine parvovirus. Parvovirus in raccoons is caused by a virus that is very closely related to feline parvovirus and is identified as raccoon parvovirus.
TRANSMISSION
Parvovirus is shed through the feces and transmission occurs from oral contact with fecal material from infected animals. It also persists in the environment and indirect transmission can occur from contact with contaminated objects.
CLINICAL SIGNS
The virus causes intestinal bleeding and signs include bloody diarrhea, weakness and dehydration.
DISEASE MANAGEMENT
The virus can persist for many months and possibly years if protected from sunlight and desiccation. Carcasses should be isolated from other canids and incinerated or buried deeply. A 10% bleach solution inactivates the parvovirus.
PUBLIC HEALTH
The virus does not infect people. Domestic dogs are at risk. Dog owners should talk with their pet's veterinarian regarding vaccination.