Canine distemper virus (CDV)
Canine distemper is caused by a virus that affects and is easily transmitted between, raccoons, mammals in the canine family (fox, coyote, wolf, domestic dog) and the mustelid family (for example skunk, badger, otter, mink). It is common in Wisconsin to see localized mortality events associated with this virus, especially in raccoons, foxes and skunks. In Wisconsin, canine distemper has been documented as the cause of death in badgers, raccoons, coyotes, gray foxes, wolves, long-tailed weasels and striped skunks.
TRANSMISSION
The virus is highly contagious and is easily spread through respiratory secretions, urine, saliva and feces. Animals that have recovered from the virus can continue to shed it into the environment.
CLINICAL SIGNS
Infected animals appear lethargic and may show no fear of humans, wander, aimlessly and have respiratory signs, and discharge from the eyes or nervous system signs such as convulsions and chewing fits. Signs of canine distemper are similar to those of rabies, making it difficult to tell which disease it is without testing.
DISEASE MANAGEMENT
The virus does not live long outside the infected animal. It is destroyed by most soaps and disinfectants, including bleach.
PUBLIC HEALTH
The virus does not infect people. Domestic dogs are at risk. Dog owners should talk with their pet's veterinarian regarding vaccination.